PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.
